VP · The Eye Volume theoretical research · non-clinical · CC BY 4.0

E7 The cascade as the band-setting low-pass — f_c = β/(2πτ)

The frozen recovery law w ← w + dt·(s−βw)/τ_s IS a single-pole low-pass; the surviving band is the cutoff f_c = β/(2πτ_s), invariant to both the carrier and γ — it is τ that fixes the band.

What this rung establishes

The band the eye speaks in is the cutoff of the transduction low-pass. The frozen recovery law w ← w + dt·(s − βw)/τ_s (quoted verbatim) is a first-order leaky integrator — a single-pole low-pass H(f) = 1/(β + i·2πf·τ_s). Its one claim, the band is set by the recovery time-constant f_c = β/(2πτ_s), is read off the substrate four ways that agree. [F] [V]

Four agreeing reads, and band ∝ 1/τ

DC gain = 1/β
closed form 2.0000, measured 1.99902
Measured cutoff vs β/(2πτ)
0.001993 vs 0.001989
Phase lag at cutoff
44.99° (one pole ⇒ 45°)
High-frequency roll-off
-19.96 dB/decade (one pole ⇒ −20)
f_c·τ invariant (= β/2π)
0.079577, spread 0.27%
Cutoff halves with τ (20→80)
0.003985 → 0.000999

Sweeping τ gives f_c ∝ 1/τ exactly, and the recovery law carries no γ term and no carrier term — so the band is purely τ: orthogonal to the carrier (E5) and to γ. The full frozen neuron inherits this (its rhythm falls monotonically in τ); γ is a secondary mover via dwell ∝ γ^1.5. The single-pole idealisation vs. the real multi-stage cascade and the absolute τ→Hz are named [O]. [F]

Grades (VP-SPEC C3 — honest)

[F]The surviving band is f_c = β/(2πτ_s), set by the recovery time-constant; it is invariant to both the carrier and γ — τ, not the carrier and not γ, fixes the band.
[V]DC gain 1/β; the measured cutoff matches β/(2πτ); phase lag 44.99°; roll-off −19.96 dB/decade; f_c·τ constant ⇒ f_c ∝ 1/τ.
[L]The frozen Neuron constants β=0.5, τ_f=1.0, τ_s=40.0; γ(GUCY2D)=1.365 read byte-equal from the atlas.
[O]The single-pole idealisation vs. the real multi-stage cascade (rhodopsin→transducin→PDE→cGMP→CNG); the absolute τ→Hz calibration; the full-neuron rhythm is only approximately ∝1/τ. Each obstacle named.

Reproducibility

Every number on this page is the code’s own output. The transcript below is the verbatim, hash-pinned stdout of the listed module(s); tools/gate_volume.py re-runs them and asserts HTML↔code drift 0.

research/E7-cascade-lowpass/run.pysha256 2c1e4c8ae0076c86247f550b…
==========================================================================
E7 — THE CASCADE AS THE BAND-SETTING LOW-PASS   (cutoff f_c = β/(2π·τ))
==========================================================================
(0) THE FILTER IS THE SUBSTRATE'S RECOVERY (verbatim):  w ← w + dt·(s − β·w)/τ_s
    ⇒ a single-pole low-pass  H(f) = 1/(β + i·2πf·τ_s),  β=0.5 (frozen Neuron β); SEED=19
    forced (closed form):  DC gain = 1/β = 2.0000 ;  cutoff f_c = β/(2π·τ_s) ;  f_c·τ_s = β/2π = 0.079577
                           phase(f_c) = −45° ;  roll-off = −20 dB/decade  (one pole)

(1) MEASURED transfer function on the FROZEN recovery law (τ_s=40 = Neuron default):
    (1a) passband  DC gain = 1.99902   (closed form 1/β = 2.00000)            [V]
    (1b) cutoff    f_c(meas) = 0.001993   vs  β/(2π·τ) = 0.001989   ratio = 1.0016   [V]
    (1c) phase     lag at f_c = 44.99°   (single-pole ⇒ 45°)                      [V]
    (1d) roll-off  high-f slope = -19.96 dB/decade   (one pole ⇒ −20)               [V]
    → the cascade IS a first-order low-pass; its band edge is the explicit number β/(2π·τ). [F]/[V]

(2) THE BAND ∝ 1/τ — sweep the recovery τ_s, the cutoff halves with it (carrier never enters):
    τ_s=   20   f_c = 0.003985   β/(2π·τ) = 0.003979   f_c·τ_s = 0.079695
    τ_s=   40   f_c = 0.001993   β/(2π·τ) = 0.001989   f_c·τ_s = 0.079702  (↓ with τ)
    τ_s=   80   f_c = 0.000999   β/(2π·τ) = 0.000995   f_c·τ_s = 0.079913  (↓ with τ)
    f_c·τ_s constant = 0.079770  (β/2π = 0.079577);  spread 0.27%  ⇒ f_c ∝ 1/τ EXACTLY
    the recovery law carries NO γ and NO carrier term ⇒ the band is PURELY τ: ⟂ carrier (E5) and ⟂ γ. [F]

(3) THE LOW-PASS *IS* E5's CARRIER-REJECTION (closed-form |H| at E5's fast carriers, τ_s=40):
    carrier f= 1.0  (=    503× f_c)  →  |H|/DC = 0.00199  (rejected ∝ 1/f)
    carrier f= 5.0  (=   2513× f_c)  →  |H|/DC = 0.00040  (rejected ∝ 1/f)
    E5 said the carrier is 'averaged away (out/f_c→0)'; here it IS the −20 dB/dec roll-off. [F]
    the REAL ~10¹⁴ Hz carrier sits ~17 orders above any plausible f_c ⇒ rejection is total
    (the RATIO is forced; the absolute f_c in Hz is the ladder's standing [O]).

(4) THE FULL FROZEN NEURON inherits the band — emergent rhythm vs τ_s (constant drive d0=0.4):
    τ_s=   20   out_dom = 0.018750   out_dom·τ_s = 0.3750
    τ_s=   40   out_dom = 0.010500   out_dom·τ_s = 0.4200
    τ_s=   80   out_dom = 0.005750   out_dom·τ_s = 0.4600
    τ_s=  160   out_dom = 0.003000   out_dom·τ_s = 0.4800
    out_dom ↓ monotonically with τ; out_dom·τ DRIFTS upward to an asymptote ⇒ only APPROX ∝ 1/τ:
    a relaxation period = (slow recovery ∝ τ) + (τ-independent fast transit). The CLEAN 1/τ is the
    explicit filter's; the neuron inherits it. [V]

    γ is the SECONDARY mover (the switch nonlinearity; dwell ∝ γ^1.5), not the band-setter — at
    fixed τ_s=40 the eye γ's shift the rhythm only mildly while τ sets the decade:
      CNGB3   γ=1.2425  dwell∝γ^1.5=1.2591  out_dom=0.009000
      RPE65   γ=1.2842  dwell∝γ^1.5=1.3230  out_dom=0.008750
      GUCY2D  γ=1.3650  dwell∝γ^1.5=1.4498  out_dom=0.008250
      RHO     γ=1.4719  dwell∝γ^1.5=1.6234  out_dom=0.007500
    (γ READ-ONLY from the frozen atlas; band channel = τ, size/settle channel = γ. [F]/[V])

LADDER PLACEMENT (E7 fixes the low-pass rung):
    ν_light ~10¹⁴ Hz ──(E=hν → ONE flip; R19 event-detector, §E2)──▶ discrete flip-events
    discrete flips    ──(THIS low-pass, cutoff f_c=β/(2π·τ); carrier ∝1/f rejected)──▶ graded band
    graded band       ──(spike-rate re-quantisation, §E8)─────────────────────────────▶ ~10–100 Hz
    the output band is the FILTER's (set by τ), never the light's. RATIO forced [F]; absolute Hz [O].

LEARNED: the band the eye speaks in is not chosen by the photon — it is the cutoff of the
         transduction low-pass, f_c = β/(2π·τ). Raise the recovery τ and the band drops with it;
         the carrier (and γ) leave the cutoff untouched. The carrier is detected as one event and
         then filtered out; what survives is the recovery's own band. ONE pole vs the real cascade
         (multi-stage) and the absolute τ→Hz are named [O].

sha256: 094fc06ab8d727bc46a66e830069ea159d98a1274ef647a4c92c8be49a14f2e8